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Avec un milliard de locuteurs, les langues romanes, issues du latin, constituent un potentiel impressionnant en termes d’espace communicationnel et conceptuel. Elles représentent un contrepoids à l’extension du « tout-anglais », dont les limites sont désormais connues au sein même du monde anglo-saxon. D’ailleurs, le British Council place parmi les dix plus importantes langues du XXIe siècle l’espagnol, le français, le portugais et l’italien. Les langues romanes, mais aussi slaves ou arabes, représentent un élément indispensable de la diversité culturelle telle qu’elle a été reconnue en 2005 par l’Unesco. Impossible en effet de vivre dans un monde ouvert, interconnecté, sans respecter les identités culturelles, au premier rang desquelles les identités linguistiques. On pense, rêve, crée, dans une langue, le plus souvent maternelle. Sinon, après quelques années de triomphe du globish (si pratique, si moderne), on assistera à la révolte des peuples pour préserver leurs identités culturelles. Le défi de la mondialisation est au moins autant culturel qu’économique et politique. Le problème n’est pas l’existence d’une langue minimum commune, comme l’est aujourd’hui l’anglais, mais la sauvegarde de toutes les autres, condition de la diversité humaine. Oui à tous les apprentissages linguistiques, à tous les déplacements, à condition de préserver les aires linguistiques. La diversité est la condition de la mondialisation, la standardisation l’antichambre des conflits. Pas de mondialisation pacifique possible donc sans respect de la diversité culturelle. Les langues romanes, sans prétention hégémonique, en sont un élément déterminant, d’autant qu’elles sont mondiales. Elles sont aussi indispensables pour l’Europe, notamment pour éviter de croire que le monolinguisme anglais en simplifierait la construction… Les langues romanes ? L’avant-garde de cet immense chantier politique de la cohabitation culturelle à construire pour essayer de conjuguer paix et mondialisation.

Romance languages --- Language and culture --- Sociolinguistics --- Langues romanes --- Langage et culture --- Sociolinguistique --- Usage --- Research --- Recherche

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In what ways are language, cognition and perception interrelated? Do they influence each other? This book casts a fresh light on these questions by putting individual speakers’ cognitive contexts, i.e. their usage-preferences and entrenched patterns of linguistic knowledge, into the focus of investigation.It presents findings from original experimental research on spatial language use which indicate that these individual-specific factors indeed play a central role in determining whether or not differences in the current and/or habitual linguistic behaviour of speakers of German and English are systematically correlated with differences in non-linguistic behaviour (visual attention allocation to and memory for spatial referent scenes).These findings form the basis of a new, speaker-focused usage-based model of linguistic relativity, which defines language-perception/cognition effects as a phenomenon which primarily occurs within individual speakers rather than between speakers or speech communities.

Psycholinguistics --- Grammar --- Cognition. --- Cognitive grammar. --- Language and culture. --- Psycholinguistics. --- Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. --- Speech acts (Linguistics) --- Sapir-Whorf, Hypothèse de --- Grammaire cognitive --- Cognition --- Langage et culture --- Psycholinguistique --- Actes de parole --- Sapir-Whorf hypothesis --- Cognitive grammar --- Language and culture --- Illocutionary acts (Linguistics) --- Speech act theory (Linguistics) --- Speech events (Linguistics) --- Language and languages --- Linguistics --- Speech --- Language, Psychology of --- Psychology of language --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Culture and language --- Culture --- Cognitive linguistics --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Relativity (Linguistics) --- Whorf-Sapir hypothesis --- Anthropological linguistics --- Sociolinguistics --- Philosophy --- Psychological aspects --- E-books --- Eye-Tracking. --- Linguistic Relativity. --- Socio-Cognitive Linguistics. --- Spatial Language.

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This book offers a diversification model of transplanted languages that facilitates the exploration of external factors and internal changes. The general context is the New World and the variety that unfolded in the Central Highlands and the Gulf of Mexico, herein identified as Mexican Colonial Spanish (MCS). Linguistic corpora provide the evidence of (re)transmission, diffusion, metalinguistic awareness, and select focused variants. The tridimensional approach highlights language data from authentic colonial documents which are connected to socio-historical reliefs at particular periods or junctions, which explain language variation and the dynamic outcome leading to change. From the Second Letter of Hernán Cortés (Seville 1522) to the decades preceding Mexican Independence (1800-1821) this book examines the variants transplanted from the peninsular tree into Mesoamerican lands: leveling of sibilants of late medieval Spanish, direct object (masc. sing.] pronouns LO and LE, pronouns of address (vos, tu, vuestra merced plus plurals), imperfect subjunctive endings in -SE and -RA), and Amerindian loans. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of variants derived from the peninsular tree show a gradual process of attrition and recovery due to their saliency in the new soil, where they were identified with ways of speaking and behaving like Spanish speakers from the metropolis. The variants analyzed in MCS may appear in other regions of the Spanish-speaking New World, where change may have proceeded at varying or similar rates. Additional variants are classified as optimal residual (e.g. dizque) and popular residual (e.g. vide). Both types are derived from the medieval peninsular tree, but the former are vital across regions and social strata while the latter may be restricted to isolated and / or marginal speech communities. After one hundred years of study in linguistics, this book contributes to the advancement of newer conceptualization of diachrony, which is concerned with the development and evolution through history. The additional sociolinguistic dimension offers views of social significant and its thrilling links to social movements that provoked a radical change of identity. The amplitude of the diversification model is convenient to test it in varied contexts where transplantation occurred.

Spanish language --- Sociolinguistics --- History. --- Variation --- Written Spanish --- Social aspects. --- Language and languages --- Language and society --- Society and language --- Sociology of language --- Castilian language --- Social aspects --- Sociological aspects --- Language and culture --- Linguistics --- Sociology --- Integrational linguistics (Oxford school) --- Romance languages --- Diversification. --- Historical Sociolinguistics. --- Latin America. --- Variation.

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Isn’t translation all about saying exactly the same thing in another language? Aren’t national images totally outdated in this era of globalization? Most people might agree but this book amply illustrates how persistent and multifaceted clichés on translation and nation can be. Time and again, translating involves making transfer choices and these choices are never neutral. Though globalization has seemingly all but erased national ideologies and cultural borders, such ideologies and borders continue to play a determining role in conflicts, identity politics and cultural profiles.The place where transfer choices and forms of national and cultural representation come together is also the place where Translation Studies and Imagology meet. This book offers a wealth of chapters showing how decisive selection and transfer processes can be in representing national images, both self-images and images of the other(s). It shows also how intensely the two disciplines can work together and mutually benefit from shared data and methodologies.

#KVHA:Vertaalwetenschap --- #KVHA:Imagology --- Theory of literary translation --- Translating services --- Services de traduction --- Multimedia translating --- Vertalen en culturele identiteit --- Stereotypen --- Vertalen en representatie nationale karakteristieken --- Multimedia translating. --- Vertalen en culturele identiteit. --- Stereotypen. --- Vertalen en representatie nationale karakteristieken. --- Translating services. --- Translating and interpreting --- Semiotics. --- Language and culture. --- Technological innovations. --- Linguistics --- Semiotics --- Language and culture --- Technological innovations --- Traduction et interprétation --- Sémiotique --- Langage et culture --- Innovations --- Culture and language --- Culture --- Semeiotics --- Semiology (Linguistics) --- Semantics --- Signs and symbols --- Structuralism (Literary analysis) --- Interpretation and translation --- Interpreting and translating --- Language and languages --- Literature --- Translation and interpretation --- Translators --- Translating agencies --- Translation bureaus --- Bibliographical services --- Language services --- Translating --- E-books --- Interpreting services --- Translation and interpreting services --- Translation services --- Translating and interpreting - Technological innovations --- Translating and interpreting - Multimedia translating

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This volume gathers researchers from around the world endeavouring to better understand a number of perennial issues in assessing Chinese learners of English, covering topics such as students' test performances, interactional competence and lexical knowledge, students' motivation, teachers' attitudes and assessment policy changes.

English language --- Second language acquisition --- English Language --- English --- Languages & Literatures --- Study and teaching --- Chinese speakers --- Ability testing --- Chinese --- Methodology --- Acquisition --- Chinese speakers. --- Ability testing. --- Chinese. --- Methodology. --- China --- Languages. --- Second language learning --- Germanic languages --- Language acquisition --- Applied linguistics. --- Language and languages-Study and. --- Sociolinguistics. --- Applied Linguistics. --- Language Teaching. --- Language and languages --- Language and society --- Society and language --- Sociology of language --- Language and culture --- Linguistics --- Sociology --- Integrational linguistics (Oxford school) --- Social aspects --- Sociological aspects --- Language and languages—Study and teaching.